It's a stage
Daytime sleep matures later than night sleep. Many babies take short naps until somewhere around five to seven months, and the first nap of the day usually lengthens before the others. Some babies are naturally short nappers and do well on it — if your baby is happy and nights are good, short naps may not need fixing.
Not tired enough
A wake window that's a little too short leaves too little sleep pressure to carry your baby into a second cycle. They wake content after 30 minutes, then fall apart an hour later.
Too tired
A wake window that runs long tends to produce a nap that starts with a fight and ends abruptly, often with crying at the 30–45 minute mark.
How the nap starts
If your baby is fed or rocked all the way to sleep, the end of the first cycle finds them somewhere different from where they fell asleep — and they wake fully to check.
Light and noise
Daytime naps compete with daylight and household noise. A room that's bright at 2 p.m. makes linking cycles much harder.
Hunger
A baby who last fed two or three hours ago may wake from hunger at the cycle boundary. Feeding after a nap rather than right before it helps separate eating from sleeping.